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Objective:To explore the relevant brain regions of face/non-face processing, and face processing under different emotional valence in patients with social anxiety disorder(SAD).Methods:PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, CNKI and other databases were retrieved, and 31 peer-reviewed emotional face studies of SAD patients were obtained (facial and non-facial processing: 13 literatures, 481 subjects, 161 foci; face processing with different emotional titers: 18 literatures, 586 subjects, 331 foci). Cluster-level family-wise error (FWE, P<0.05) based coordinates of Talairach space was adopted. Results:Face processing in SAD patients activated the left amygdala (x=-18, y=-8, z=-12), the right amygdala (x=26, y=0, z=-20), the entorhinal cortex (Brodmann area 28, x=16, y=-8, z=-10) and the medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10, x=2, y=44, z=-8). In addition, when SAD patients processed negative faces, the left amygdala (x=-26, y=0, z=-16), the right amygdala (x=26, y=0, z=-12), the left medial globus pallidus (x=-20, y=-10, z=-6) and right medial globus pallidus (x=20, y=-10, z=-6) had strong activation, which fear faces activated bilateral amygdala (left: x=-28, y=0, z=-16, right: x=28, y=-2, z=-12) and angry faces activated the medial globus pallidus (x=20, y=-8, z=-6).Conclusion:There are specific neural mechanisms for face processing in patients with SAD.Bilateral amygdala, entorhinal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex are key brain regions for face processing.The amygdala and medial globus pallidus are important neural regions for face processing of negative emotions.
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ABSTRACT Background: Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed inconsistent results for comparison between bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: An anatomic likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was used to explore the key regions of brain pathology in BD with different current mood states. Results: Depressed BD patients showed reduced regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left claustrum and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), compared to HC. BD patients with mixed mood status showed decreased fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the right cerebellar tonsil, the bilateral MFG and the right superior frontal gyrus, compared to HC. Additionally, BD patients with mixed mood status showed increased fALFF in the right inferior occipital gyrus, the right culmen and the left lentiform nucleus, compared to HC. BD patients with mixed mood status showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) in the bilateral cerebellar tonsil, compared to HC. Conclusion: In the present study, key regions undergoing functional deficits in BD patients with different current mood states were obtained with the ALE meta-analysis. In addition, deficits in these regions in fMRI studies might work as biomarkers for early diagnosis of BD.
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Objective This meta-analysis aims to identify consistent results of vulnerable brain regions through the existing resting-state fMRI studies, thus exploring the changes of neural spontaneous brain activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods A systematic analysis of studies on brain resting-state changes in T2DM patients using ALFF, fALFF and ReHo analysis. The meta-analysis was based on the activation likelihood estimation method, using the software of Ginger ALE 2.3. Results Ten studies from 7 references (188 T2DM patients and 170 healthy controls) were included. Based on the analysis of ALFF and ReHo data, this meta-analysis identi fied the robust reduction of resting-state spontaneous brain activity in T2DM patients, including the left lingual gyrus of occipital lobe, right cerebellum posterior lobe,left postcentral gyrus and right insula(cluster size= 800,488,368,256 mm3,P<0.05 after FDR correction),while no increased spontaneous brain activation was found in any regions.The meta-analysis from ReHo studies showed reduced resting-state spontaneous brain activity in the left lingual gyrus of occipital lobe,left postcentral gyrus,right insula and posterior cingulum/lingual gyrus(cluster size=832,368,280,232 mm3,P<0.05 after FDR correction),while no increased spontaneous brain activation was found in any regions. Conclusion This meta-analysis study using the activation likelihood estimation method demonstrated that the resting-state spontaneous brain anomalies in T2DM patients might contribute to exploring machenism underlying diabetic encephalopathy.